This is a realization of a long-term project that must be born earlier this week. The association Optics solidarity launches on Monday the "pass glasses." A device that should allow seniors whose financial resources are too thin to allow them to purchase a mutual good, to provide appropriate spectacles from their view. 8,000 to 10,000 people, aid recipients in the complementary health throughout France, and should soon receive a voucher to enjoy a fitness trail at cost, including consultation with the ophthalmologist, and the purchase glasses with progressive lenses from an optician.

No low cost

"We are working on this project for three years," says Xavier Subirana, ophthalmologist and president of the Optical solidarity. He says the idea inspired by the HEC Chair "Social Businee / Enterprise and Poverty" as co-chairs Martin Hirsch has mobilized the entire industry. "Danone is one of the pioneers of social business, but in this case we thought it was much more efficient to use the entire industry as a business." To date, 13 additional health (including AG2R La Mondiale, April, Groupama …), 500 opticians, Essilor as industrial and ophthalmologists have concentrated their power to facilitate the implementation of the concept. "It's not a charity that requires a donation. Here people pay for their glasses, "says Nicolas Lambert, owner of Essilor France. Ultimately, the patient should spend at most a few dollars instead of 300 euros today. "This is an innovative business model where one neither gains nor loses money. And this is not the low cost, says Xavier Subirana, people buy the raw material and technology. Everything else is covered by the efforts of the margins at various levels by the industry. The doctor's visit is to be discounted fully refundable. " For now, Nicolas Lambert admits even Essilor making losses. To produce the lenses, and assemble the eleven models of glasses offered by the pass, the company is including operated its plant in Toulouse outside normal production hours.

140,000 persons concerned

But to make the project a success, we must know the device. Tested later this year in Marseille, the "eye pass" has proven its usefulness but also revealed the difficulty of reaching the target. "We know that some seniors throw good because they think it is an advertisement," lamented Xavier Subirana. As such, the role of complementary health is important because it is they who must identify people who can benefit. "The more mutual partners in the project will increase the more we can touch people," says association president. Discussions are also underway with new complementary. The first patients in the Paris region should get their equipment in early June. It will be a little longer for the province because of the smaller number of ophthalmologists. Then a second phase will be launched by the end of the year. Eventually 140,000 people should benefit from "pass glasses." In addition, the partners hope that their initiative will give ideas to other sectors.

Imagine that the "Greek Mélenchon" Alexis Tsipras, took power in Athens. The charismatic leader of the far left Syriza hoisted his party to second place in Sunday's parliamentary election. It may well prevail during the next legislative likely in early June. But Alexis Tsipras advocates stopping the austerity and maintenance in the euro area. Problem: he can not have one without the other.

Immediately canceled the cuts, the International Monetary Fund and the European Union would cut funding to the Greek State. However, it turns through a continuing infusion of tens of billions of euros paid by its partners. Credit Suisse has calculated that 143 billion had been paid from 2010 to today. Athens also expects a further payment of 5.3 billion euros. If the bailout fund approved this assistance, it nevertheless reduces the amount of one billion that has been blocked for a possible payment in June.

Without this money, the Greek state would be bankrupt by the end of June The government could fine delay payment of his bills, he could no longer pay civil servants and pensions, spending a few weeks. The State could not repay such 25 billion of debt held by local banks. Another blow to these institutions, themselves deprived of their infusions so far granted by the European Central Bank (ECB). Failing banks, companies can no longer pay their employees who would join in the street and retired civil servants too dry.  

The return to the drachma

At one point during the summer, to prevent the situation from worsening, the government would be forced to issue its own currency to pay his debts and wages. One way or another. "Greece could opt out of the euro area if it was unable to resume growth by remaining in it, and if severe measures were undermining the commitment to the European idea, or if the populists came to power," summarizes the rating agency Fitch. The risk that such a scenario occurring is difficult to assess. Credit Suisse analysts estimate it at 15%, those of the U.S. bank Citi from 50% to 75%.

The cure would be worse than the disease. "Greece would live a financial collapse and recession far worse than it is now experiencing," warns Willem Buiter, chief economist at Citi. The country's economy would probably collapse in half, according to Stephane Deo, an economist at UBS.

The euro would probably be replaced by a return to the drachma, the former Greek currency. If the government decides to start a drachma equal one euro, this parity would not last. Runaway inflation, massive flight of foreign capital … very quickly, the new currency would not be worth much. Eventually, the Greeks could buy with a dram about half of what they previously available with the euro, said Patrick Artus, chief economist at Natixis.

Ruin savers

The falling value of the drachma by 50%, the price of goods purchased abroad, so foreign currency, oil to the iPhone, would double. However, Greece is a country that imports more than it exports. Companies would face enormous difficulties with their foreign suppliers. At the same time, investors would be ruined, their euros have been converted into drachmas at the exit of Greece in the euro area. In contrast, debt, starting with the State, would gain: their claims would melt as the drachma collapses.

The crisis is broadcast in parallel in the rest of the euro area. Athens could refuse to honor its debts as planned by its partners. At stake, more than 143 billion euros granted by international institutions since 2010, according to calculations by Credit Suisse. Banks, insurance and other private foreign investors would be affected only to the tune of 36.3 billion euros, according to estimates by UBS.

However, these are not the direct loss of most concern. The greatest risk, but also the greatest unknown, lies in the domino effect caused by the event. "A taboo is broken, the output of a country in the euro area," said Willem Buiter. The extent of the disaster would then depend on the ability of other European states to seal the crisis. There are divergent views. Some, like Fitch, believe that the contagion-proof tools exist, such as financial firewall 500 billion euros. And displayed a strong support to other countries in difficulty, coupled with greater integration of the area, the last calm fears.

More pessimistic, other observers expect a response too little too late in the Member States in case of contagion. As was the case until now, they said.

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One hundred billion a year. The evaluation by the European Commission of savings possible through new technologies during the bidding for public procurement in Europe is surprisingly important. These sums, which may feed into major investments, according to Brussels are at hand as the "all-mail" will be the rule in mid-2016 during the procurement in all countries of the European Union. It will be a challenge: currently only 5 to 10% of procedures for awarding public contracts in the EU are conducted electronically.

"This estimate of 100 billion euros based on a conservative estimate, says an expert from the Commission. It is based on a 5% decrease in the cost of the project, which is a minimum. The total amount of bids that meet the business is very important since it represents 20% of European GDP. "Brussels estimated the total value of public procurement to 2000 billion per year.

Brussels, referring to a Dutch study, estimated at 8,500 euros on average lower technical costs (postage, etc..) Achievable at each tender faxless payday advance. Moreover, the use of e-procurement methods practiced by large companies for a dozen years for their supplies, would actually put pressure on prices up to 20%.

The example of South Korea

Companies, especially SMEs, more aware of the auction would be held and many more to participate and, hence, the estimate would be dragged down. "An extrapolation made from several concrete examples of building hospitals in Portugal found that the gains could reach up to 18%, we preferred to retain more modest ambitions," says one in Brussels.

The Commission itself will only use new technologies in mid-2015, a year before the deadline of mid-2016 imposed on Member States as part of the modernization of European directives of 2011 on Public Procurement. In a communication to the European Parliament especially in April, the Commission highlighted the example of South Korea, a pioneer in this field. Using a platform of public procurement, saving this country since 2007 some 4.5 billion per year (8% of total procurement).

It was to be expected. The Antwerp designer Raf Simons, arrived in February of his mission as artistic director at Jil Sander (where he handled collections for men and women since July 2005) has been appointed to head the creation of women's fashion at Dior. He was the last of the favorites in the long list of names mentioned as a possible buyer of the vacancy created by John Galliano since March 2011. Among the successors whose names have circulated even figured that of Marc Jacobs, current artistic director of Louis Vuitton or that of Riccardo Tisci in the same position at Givenchy, besides that of Nicolas Ghesquière at the helm of Balenciaga.  

But all hopes seemed to collapse when Raf Simons thanked Jil Sander left Italy without any announcement effect from Dior while Yves Saint Laurent terminated the contract of Stefano Pilati before confirming the Hedi Slimane's appointment as artistic director. By a rebound effect, the world of fashion has waited in vain for an immediate appointment at Dior at the same time. It has not happened. By a curious reverberation, Raf Simons Avenue Montaigne now occupy a position comparable to that of Hedi Slimane at YSL. The irony is that Slimane, asking the jurisprudence of the style of Dior Homme from 2000 to 2006, has often been compared – compared to nuance, to rightly or wrongly – in the style posed by Raf Simons in his own eponymous label. Then the divergent paths of both the affirmation of the growing aesthetic Slimane at Dior Homme and mission of Raf Simons Jil Sander have diluted this antagonism.

Jil Sander's latest collection (Fall-Winter 2012) signed Raf Simons presented in Milan last February was a real tribute to a new New Look of Dior. What whet fans' expectations of Dior and YSL, the ambitions of the two groups (LVMH Dior, YSL PPR), what – if any were needed – to stimulate the two creators. In short, good news in short, not to mention the talent of the men themselves, critical talent, talent by which everything begins and ends.

The call to strike by three unions (CGT, CFDT and UNSA) air traffic controllers will cancel and delay several flights to Orly and some regional airports. At Air France, which opened two new bases Sunday in Toulouse and Nice, it ensures that customers affected by such disruption are informed as and by SMS, email, ur website or via smartphone applications . The company says that there will be no cancellation of flights from Roissy-Charles de Gaulle, otherwise some delays. The strike only for domestic flights and will have no effect on the medium and long haul flights, except for some possible delays on takeoff.

At Orly, "it is about 20% of preventive flight cancellations, according to what had been announced. There are no delays or queues, "says one at the airport. "There may be additional disturbances, but not until the mid-morning." For its part, easyJet has already canceled 16 flights today from or arriving at Orly airport and advises all passengers to "check the status of their flights regularly." In all, the airlines have so far deleted about one flight in five between today and tomorrow, departing or arriving at Orly short term personal loans.

Eighteen flights have already been canceled at Lyon Saint-Exupery. These flights come from or go to Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Pau and Metz. At the airport of Biarritz-Anglet-Bayonne "disturbances" were announced, which result in the removal of some flights. It is recommended that travelers contact their airline for more information. resulting in the cancellation of a particular movement in the Basque Country this day of presidential candidate Eva Joly.

The unions called the strike to oppose a plan to restructure air traffic control services in the provinces, which would imply a decline in numbers. Air traffic controllers, agents of the public service, have an obligation to provide minimum services. However, if the strike notice is required, the strikers did not have to declare individually 48 hours in advance, as is the case for railway or recently for pilots and stewards.

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"Violations unacceptable." Constable of the London Stock Exchange, the Financial Services Authority (FSA), a verdict without pity Coutts, a financial institution of the most prestigious yet. Founded in the late seventeenth century, the asset management company is famous for hosting the assets of many aristocrats, including Queen Elizabeth, as well as athletes and pop stars.

Apparently giving too much credit to the pedigree of its distinguished clientele, the bank, now a subsidiary of Royal Bank of Scotland, has failed to monitor the source of funds for new clients considered "at risk". The FSA has therefore imposed a fine of 8.75 million pounds (10 million) for its laxity in the fight against money laundering easy payday loans. Details of customers or transactions at issue were not disclosed.

The bank agreed to review its procedures, which enabled him to obtain a 30% discount on its fine, but protested that no evidence of bleaching was found. If this sanction may be bad effect on the reputation of the very exclusive private bank, this is not the first difference: in November, Coutts had already fined 6.3 million pounds (7.5 million) for selling an investment product that contributed to the 2008 financial crisis. Besides London, the bank has offices in Switzerland, Hong Kong, Dubai, Jersey, Isle of Man, Monaco and the Cayman Islands.

The National Society Corse Méditerranée (SNCM) lost Friday the benefit of much of the subsidies it enjoyed. The Corsican Assembly voted Friday because the new methods of shipping services to the island. As expected, the recommendations of the Executive were followed. The new public service delegation (PSD) – the former was denounced by the Administrative Court of Appeal of Marseilles in November – no longer subsidize the transport 410,000 passengers a year against more than one million currently, and in 1600 linear meters of cargo, with rotations of 23 weekly frequencies between Marseille and the five Corsican ports. A reduction of 60% compared to the old contract. An endowment called "complementary service" financing maritime connections during peak periods, especially with the summer influx of tourists, will also be more funded Territorial Community of Corsica (CTC).

To justify its decision, the CTC relies on the argument used by the judges that the DSP can step in to fill gaps in the competitive sector, and therefore should not subsidize the boats during peak periods, especially in summer when no shortage of passengers. A so-called "welfare", denounced as a form of disguised subsidy to reduce the ticket prices, has finally been removed. The CTC also rejected the principle of territorial continuity Toulon harbor, stronghold of the private company Corsica Ferries, whose vessels fly the Italian flag and holds the key market share in passenger traffic, but where SNCM, has since recovered several months of rotations to develop its business in the transport of goods.

A study commission

These decisions may seal the fate of the shipping company. The company will have to separate at least two car ferries (which carried 540,000 passengers last year) and 800 employees in 2000, warned Marc Dufour, chief executive. Above all, he feared not being able to compete with its competitor. He says the Journal du Dimanche, as Corsica Ferries employs half as many employees it pays three to four times cheaper because it hires mostly foreign sailors in CSD.

Given the risk of new social plan, 400 jobs have already been abolished in 2008, unions are mobilizing. The CGT has filed a strike notice from Tuesday, March 27. Its manager, Frederic Alpozzo, called competitors to comply with the rules of labor rights and the French owners of SNCM, the Transdev group Veolia (66%) and state (25%) was bailing the company. If the state remains silent, Veolia, which began its withdrawal from the transport sector, has already proposed to the community of Corsica to regain its majority stake in the company privatized in 2005 for a symbolic euro. A proposal described as grotesque by the Transportation Agency of Corsica. Veolia representatives must meet the elected this week. CTC in turn did not close all doors. Creating a study commission to create a regional shipping company has also been adopted by the Assembly on Friday.

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No turnaround but no collapse either. Dissemination of the mainstream press has eroded again in 2011, an average of 2.26%, a decrease of similar magnitude in 2010, according to figures presented Thursday by the OJD, the body diffusion control of the press. According to the Observatory, the French have bought a total of just over 4 billion copies last year.

All families press record a slowdown in sales. If the decline is marked for magazines (-3.11%), it remains contained to the regional daily press (-2.28%) and the national daily press (-1.36%). Among the dailies, Francedemeure West title with the highest circulation (748,213 copies in France paid broadcast). Le Figaro (321,101 copies) and The World (292,062 copies) dominate nationally. Erosion is strongest for Sunday newspapers (-4%) and regional weeklies (-4.4%).

Among the major categories of magazines, newspapers television (TV Magazine, TV Z, Tele 7 Jours …), which represents 40.6% of volumes of magazines, fell by 3.3% between 2010 and 2011. This withdrawal explains to a large extent the magnitude of the decline of all magazines. The women, who had risen in 2010, this time displayed a drop of 2%. Hardest hit the tabloids, which had peaked between 2006 and 2008, accelerating its reflux of 4.6%. Only general news headlines (Paris Match, Le Figaro Magazine …) and news (Le Nouvel Observateur, L'Express …) take their game well, limiting their respective decreases of 0.55% and 0.76%.

Accessibility problem

In smaller classes, lower often exceeds 3%. The sporting press (Team Mag, France Football …) fell by 7.6%, the business press (Capital Challenges …) and the press room (Maxi Cuisine, Regal …) of 4.6% and children's press ( Scrooge Super Giant, Le Journal de Mickey …) 5%. Down sharply, the press photo-film-video-music (First, … Studio Ciné Live) fell by almost 8%. Among the most affected families, the computer press (14%) male and the press (27%) due to the shutdown of securities. However, the press auto-moto and one dedicated to science exhibit good resistance.

For Bartement Patrick, CEO of OJD, it is relative sector crisis. "The spread has declined 20% in five years, 500 million copies in less, he says. But this decline is entirely due to lower sales copy, that is to say, in kiosks and newsagents electronic check payday advance. For subscription sales remained stable, thanks to the portage. "The evidence, he said that the problem facing the press is the first of its distribution network. "When the press is available, the press is selling," says Patrick Bartement. The ongoing restructuring of NMPP, the first distributor of the press in France, is in this sense crucial if the sector is the trend.

More than 35 million readers a day

The French are big consumers of news. This is the main teaching of the first One study, presented Thursday at the 22nd Observatory of the press of OJD. One meets for the first time all the families of press in a single audience measurement, using the same methodology. Every day in France, more than 35 million people read at least one press title, 69% aged 15 and older. Better: they are 97% to pick up a newspaper in hand each month.

On average, 7.1 French read different titles: 1.4 and 5.7 daily magazines. Very fond of magazines, they skim regularly as TV news, but especially securities interests in the world of women, health, cooking, celebrities and family, not to mention the news, the titles "pictures" and economic or home-decor and garden.

Daily newspapers, logically, shorter life spans. At 8 am, 20% of readers of this press have already covered their favorite track. They are 70% at midday. In the family of magazines, weekly newspapers are read for 2.6 days, three days monthly and bimonthly (every two months) 3.4 days. The handling of securities, that is to say the number of times the reader reads the newspaper, reaching 6 to 7 times for magazines, against just over 2.5 for both national and regional newspapers, and 1.6 times for free daily.

All these reading habits are enriched by the rise of digital. The new study incorporates these new forms of reading, which increase the power of writing. One particular reveals that Internet users are also strong supporters of the press, with an average of 7.3 titles read.

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